"We believe there is a clear need for a modern and independent mobile OS that enables free competition and innovation, without predominant control by a single player." - sailfish.org
Sailfish OS will be a system which focuses on the interaction between user and device. Instead of many small buttons, Jolla's main focus is on gestures and feedback in form of vibrations, pictures and sound. Fans of MeeGo Harmattan multitasking won't miss out: Sailfish OS comes with true multitasking allowing the user to interact with running applications even when they aren't in the foreground. Similar to the N9, Jolla phones will have a system with many inbuilt services. Therefore developers can create plugins instead of independent applications for every single service as known on iOS.
A difference to MeeGo Harmattan is the arrangement of Lockscreen, Application-launcher and Multitasking view. Those are arranged vertically instead of horizontally. Swiping the screen upwards displays Events screen, a swipe down closes applications.
A great innovation by Jolla is the so called "Pully Menu". Within an application you have a visual glow on top of the screen which indicated that you can pull down a menu list. Option are selected by releasing your finger from the screen once the desired option is chosen.